SQL Server Fundamentals: Database Design Basics

Understanding Tables and Keys

Tables store data in rows and columns, where each row represents a record and each column represents a data attribute.

Keys are essential to uniquely identify records and establish relationships between tables.

• Primary Key: A unique identifier for each record in a table.
• Foreign Key: A field that links to the primary key of another table, creating a relationship.
• Composite Key: A primary key made up of multiple columns.

Normalization Principles

Normalization organizes data to minimize redundancy and dependency.

It involves applying a series of rules called normal forms.

• First Normal Form (1NF): Eliminate repeating groups; ensure atomicity.
• Second Normal Form (2NF): Remove partial dependencies on a composite key.
• Third Normal Form (3NF): Remove transitive dependencies.

Best Practices for Database Design

Following best practices ensures your database is efficient, scalable, and easy to maintain.

• Define clear and meaningful primary keys.
• Use foreign keys to enforce relationships and data integrity.
• Apply normalization to reduce data duplication.
• Avoid storing calculated or derived data.
• Use appropriate data types for each column.
• Document your database schema and relationships.